Land Surveyor in Training (LSIT) Practice Exam

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• Which practice is typical for construction surveys?
• In leveling, the last observation is called a foresight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the last observation?
• OPUS computes coordinates using which network?
• What is the purpose of combining GNSS with ground-based control monuments and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) in surveying?
• Which statement best describes a Construction Survey?
• A map projection that preserves angles locally but distorts other properties is known as?
• Latitude lines measure what?
• Simple three parameter conversions between latitude, longitude, and height in different datums can be accomplished by conversion through Earth-Centered, Earth Fixed XYZ Cartesian coordinates in one reference datum and three origin offsets that approximate differences in rotation, translation and scale.
• When is a backsight reading typically taken during leveling?
• Precise leveling is characterized by which statement?
• Primary project control involves which elements to establish control near and beyond the project site?
• Which map projection is NOT used to transform latitude and longitude into x (Easting) and y (Northing) coordinates?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?
• What is the minimum number of NGS First or Second Order benchmarks required to establish the Elevation/Vertical control network?
• What is magnetic declination?
• Which components are typically used together to establish project coordinates in GNSS surveying?
• A rhumb line is also known as which term?
• Which acts laid the basic foundation for land development controls in the United States?
• Hub stakes are protected by which types of stakes?
• Which value is used for Earth’s radius R in the EF calculation example?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 1467.4 ft and a geoid separation of -23.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• Horizontal control surveys, whenever feasible, are based on which type of observations?
• Which statement about Cylindrical Equal-Area projections is true?
• Astronomic azimuth is based on which reference?
• The horizontal datum is used to measure a position on the Earth's surface in coordinate systems such as latitude and longitude. Which statement best reflects this?
• Which technique shall be utilized to establish elevations on the required project control points?
• A horizontal line is one that is:
• A rhumb line is a path with constant bearing as measured relative to which reference?
• Which technique is used to establish elevations on project control points?
• What force keeps planet earth in its orbit?
• What data outputs are produced by combining LiDAR and photogrammetry when collected by UAS?
• A close in leveling is defined as what?
• What does the network positional accuracy of a control point quantify?
• Which statement about guard stakes is correct?
• To what precision should measurements be rounded according to the guideline?
• Modern geodetic datums range from:
• What are the two main datums that form the foundation for navigation and transportation in the United States?
• The Line of Colimation is what?
• Why is the exact value of a measured angle or distance never known?
• Which of the following is NOT a source of GPS error among common factors?
• Field record keeping and documentation should include which items?
• What best describes a turning point (TP) in the leveling process?
• If ellipsoid height h and geoid height N are known, how is orthometric height H computed?
• Differential leveling is the method of measuring which?
• Which of the following is a primary purpose of the local comprehensive plan?
• Bench mark in surveying refers to which concept?
• FS stands for which leveling term?
• In a static GPS survey, where is the base receiver placed?
• The local positional accuracy of a control point is a number that represents the uncertainty at the 95% confidence level in coordinates relative to what?
• Elevation or Floodplain Survey determines what?
• Field Run Topographic Survey is the appropriate survey when which features are needed?
• Which statement best describes tidal datums?
• The elevation factor EF is defined as EF = R / (R + H + N). In the denominator, which terms are added to R?
• What does the Grid Magnetic Angle measure?
• To meet 2nd Order specifications, which leveling staff specifications are required?
• What is a geodetic datum?
• Which file format is commonly associated with vector geographic data?
• Which term describes the surface of the oceans that would exist under gravity and rotation alone?
• If HI is 125.60 and FS is 9.20, what is the elevation?
• There are how many zones in the continental US according to the text?
• Which description best defines a route survey in land surveying?
• Geodetic datums define the:
• What is the projection called when the scale is the same in any direction at a point?
• Which category of error in measurements arises from human judgment or bias?
• The Elevation Factor equation EF = R/(R+H+N) implies what about distortion at high elevations?
• Laser scanning is particularly advantageous for which BIM-related tasks?
• In leveling, the first observation is to a known point and is termed a backsight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the first observation?
• Azimuth values typically vary over what range?
• What is the generally accepted definition of land development?
• Land survey coordinate systems are affected by which of the following?
• What is a rhumb line?
• What minimum specifications are required for GNSS receivers in surveying?
• Planar projection produces which shape?
• Which of the following describes a rhumb line’s cross-meridian behavior?
• What is the Height of Instrument (HI) in leveling?
• How is the Grid-Magnetic angle typically depicted on a map?
• Conical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• Which of the following best describes the function of a route survey in practice?
• Which of the following best describes the seven-parameter datum transformation?
• Fast-static surveys differ from traditional static surveys primarily in what aspect?
• In construction staking, survey markers are referred to as what?
• What is the elevation factor value for Earth’s radius R = 20,906,000 ft and local elevation H = 6,320 ft?
• Which of the following are uses of geodesy?
• Cadastral Survey is defined as which of the following?
• What is a backsight (BS) in differential leveling?
• Which description defines a turning point (TP) in leveling?
• The work of the surveyor is divided into which three phases?
• Cadastral surveys typically involve which elements?
• Which statement correctly describes outward and return runs in leveling?
• Boundaries of state plane zones usually follow which feature?
• Azimuths are defined as what type of angles?
• What is the geoid?
• Metes and Bounds description describes which aspect of a property?
• Cylindrical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• A reduced level is defined as which?
• GPS technology uses which of the following technique(s) to determine location coordinates?
• For vertical/elevation heights, to which datum should the geodetic datum be referenced?
• What is the minimum accuracy class/order for all level work?
• Along horizontal and vertical curve alignments, alignment stakes are placed how often?
• A level surface is defined as which?
• In land surveying, UAS enhance data collection by using sensors that provide high-resolution images or LiDAR, alone or together, enabling what?
• Error sources for GPS usage are a. Satellite clock b. Ionosphere c. Receiver clock d. Satellite orbit e. Lower atmosphere f. Multipath. Which of the following is NOT listed as an error source?
• A run in leveling is defined as what?
• Which expression correctly defines Elevation Factor?
• Which are examples of tidal datums?
• Floodplain is defined as which?
• A GPS signal travel time from the receiver to the satellite is 67 milliseconds. Using a speed of light in the atmosphere of 186,000 miles per second, what is the approximate distance?
• Which of the following are land surveying datum types?
• Which data model uses points and line segments to identify locations on the earth?
• GPS is a system that determines the precise location on Earth through which components?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?
• Real-time kinematic requires a radio frequency link between a base station and the
• Which of the following is a stated goal of the comprehensive plan?
• In a conformal map, which property is preserved locally?
• Topographic surveys are primarily intended to map which aspects?
• Meridians are lines joining the poles and are also known as what?
• Datum conversions are accomplished by various methods. Complete datum conversion is based on seven parameter transformations that include:
• Which of the following is an example of a tidal datum?
• In geodesy, datums are sets of data. Which of the following statements is true?
• Network design aims to maintain a robust statewide control network using high-precision GNSS and geodetic leveling. This network provides the basis for the horizontal and vertical location of what?
• What is the main goal of field operations and computations?
• Which statement best describes static GPS surveying?
• The State Plane Coordinate System (SPS or SPCS) is a set of 124 geographic zones or coordinate systems designed for what?
• Topographic Survey locates which types of features?
• Horizontal control surveys are established for which type of projects?
• OPUS is an example of which surveying approach?
• A level datum is defined as which?
• Which statement about bearing notation is accurate?
• What is the purpose of a witness stake?
• Laser scanning in surveying is primarily used to?
• In differential leveling, which equation correctly expresses Height of Instrument (HI)?
• Which statement about GNSS equipment is true?
• What does a Quantity Survey primarily measure?
• Which system provides the geodetic datum for horizontal coordinates in this context?
• NAD27 and NAD83 are examples of which type of datum?
• The map projection that distorts scale and distance except along the standard parallel is:
• Which equation defines ellipsoid height h in GPS terms?
• How frequently are alignment stakes placed along tangents with uniform grade?
• A Subdivision Plat is best described as which?
• Vertical datum data are gathered using which methods?
• Geodetic datums and the coordinate reference systems were developed to describe geographic positions for:
• Which statement correctly contrasts raster and vector data models?
• What is the approximate speed of light in the atmosphere used in GPS distance calculations?
• The 'epoch date' refers to the date associated with the coordinates of a control station. An epoch date is a necessary part of a complete datum or reference frame name, because coordinates can change with time.
• To achieve 2nd Order accuracy, what is the required vertical accuracy specification for 1 km of double-run leveling without a micrometer?
• What is the minimum number of NGS first or second order benchmarks used for vertical control?
• What is the field book used for in surveying?
• Remote Sensing Control Surveying includes measuring to compute a 3D position for location, orientation, and scale and includes which mapping techniques?
• Which statement best describes the bearing of a line?
• On a conformal map, meridians (lines of longitude) and parallels (lines of latitude) intersect at what angle?
• In the EF example, the local elevation used is?
• State Plane coordinates are always found as:
• Positional accuracy for primary horizontal and vertical control shall be reported as which terms?
• Which statement best describes horizontal datums?
• Which activity is a stated focus of the comprehensive plan?
• Robotic Total Stations enable what capability compared to conventional total stations?
• The reported local accuracy is an approximate average of the local accuracy values between this control point and other observed control points used to establish coordinates.
• Which method is used to study the effects of Earth's gravitational field from space-based observations?
• What is the primary purpose of an As-Built Survey?
• The Height of Collimation is defined as what?
• Land Title refers to which of the following?
• In the simple three-parameter datum conversion method, how many origin offsets are used?
• GNSS is a satellite-based system used to determine which geographic quantities?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 567.4 ft and a geoid separation of 123.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• Dilution Of Precision (DOP) is a measure reflecting which factor most directly?
• What characterizes a raw data file in surveying data management?
• Gravity anomalies only occur when which of the following Earth contrasts are impacted?
• In RTK surveys, how are differential corrections received?
• GPS coordinates calculated when satellites are clustered close together in the sky is described as:
• What does the raster data model use to represent locations on the earth?
• The system uses a simple Cartesian coordinate system to specify locations. The error is less than:
• OPUS, NOAA's Online Positioning User Service, provides free access to high-accuracy coordinates. Which organization operates OPUS?
• Which of the following is a route survey used for alignment of linear features?
• A Total Station combines which functionalities?
• What is the primary purpose of a control survey?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a purpose of the comprehensive plan?